Safe Signatures
This guide shows how Safe signatures work and how to generate them using the Protocol Kit.
Setup
Safe accounts can be configured with different threshold values and types of owners. Safe owners can be any Ethereum address, such as:
- Externally-owned accounts (EOAs). They generate an ECDSA signature to approve Safe transactions.
- Smart accounts that implement the EIP-1271 (opens in a new tab) for signature validation, like Safe does. They use a different signature algorithm depending on the implementation of the smart account.
In the following guides, there are different accounts involved that will be used as an example:
| Who | Description | Address for this example |
|---|---|---|
SAFE_3_4_ADDRESS | 3/4 Safe (3 signatures required out of 4 owners) | 0xb3b3862D8e38a1E965eb350B09f2167B2371D652 |
OWNER_1_ADDRESS | EOA and owner of SAFE_3_4_ADDRESS | 0x90F8bf6A479f320ead074411a4B0e7944Ea8c9C1 |
OWNER_2_ADDRESS | EOA and owner of SAFE_3_4_ADDRESS | 0xFFcf8FDEE72ac11b5c542428B35EEF5769C409f0 |
SAFE_1_1_ADDRESS | 1/1 Safe and owner of SAFE_3_4_ADDRESS | 0x215033cdE0619D60B7352348F4598316Cc39bC6E |
OWNER_3_ADDRESS | EOA and owner of SAFE_1_1_ADDRESS | 0x22d491Bde2303f2f43325b2108D26f1eAbA1e32b |
SAFE_2_3_ADDRESS | 2/3 Safe and owner of SAFE_3_4_ADDRESS | 0xf75D61D6C27a7CC5788E633c1FC130f0F4a62D33 |
OWNER_4_ADDRESS | EOA and owner of SAFE_2_3_ADDRESS | 0xE11BA2b4D45Eaed5996Cd0823791E0C93114882d |
OWNER_5_ADDRESS | EOA and owner of SAFE_2_3_ADDRESS | 0xd03ea8624C8C5987235048901fB614fDcA89b117 |
We need to instantiate all the signers based on the Safe owner accounts.
_10// https://chainlist.org/?search=sepolia&testnets=true_10const RPC_URL = 'https://eth-sepolia.public.blastapi.io'_10_10// Initialize signers_10const OWNER_1_PRIVATE_KEY = // ..._10const OWNER_2_PRIVATE_KEY = // ..._10const OWNER_3_PRIVATE_KEY = // ..._10const OWNER_4_PRIVATE_KEY = // ..._10const OWNER_5_PRIVATE_KEY = // ...
Guides
Transaction signatures
- The Transaction signatures guide explains how transactions are signed by Safe owners using the Protocol Kit.
Message signatures
- Using the Protocol Kit, the Message signatures guide explains how to generate and sign messages, including plain string messages and EIP-712 JSON messages.